Method of creation of power sources for home appliances under constraints of limited resources

The subject of study in this article is the voltage ranges, methods, and tools for prototyping independent sources power supply artificial lighting home appliances with reuse only widespread components. goal to improve efficiency creation use appliances. Task: analyze history development standards households; existing autonomous types batteries; different loads; find rational ranges based on fundamental values; charge control balancing circuits lithium-based propose technique reused lithium-ion (Li-ion) accumulators; provide an example practical application results research. According tasks, following were obtained. evolution electrical networks analyzed. Types supplies, including pure sine versions, are discussed. analysis batteries chemical compositions performed. It proposed water analogy current area as battery capacity visual representation processes. Models constant consumption considered. reduce internal resistance assembly by parallel connection accumulators. Correspondence sequential cells ensure compatibility devices investigated. Rational parameters acid accumulators ability directly from solar panels without a controller found. Charge controllers, management systems (BMS), A set steps proposed. Conclusions. main contribution research method interior additional discovered magic numbers 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 13 series allows obtain equivalent standard 12 V, 19 27 36 42 V 48 V. adjusting passive balancer adding 4.5 % assembly. described solutions allow build completely scalable low-voltage network expensive controllers.